Dose-dependent effects of exercise and diet on insulin sensitivity and secretion
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Dose-dependent effects of exercise and diet on insulin sensitivity and secretion. / Ding, Cherlyn; Chooi, Yu Chung; Chan, Zhiling; Lo, Jezebel; Choo, John; Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong; Leow, Melvin K-S; Magkos, Faidon.
I: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Bind 51, Nr. 10, 2019, s. 2109-2116.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Dose-dependent effects of exercise and diet on insulin sensitivity and secretion
AU - Ding, Cherlyn
AU - Chooi, Yu Chung
AU - Chan, Zhiling
AU - Lo, Jezebel
AU - Choo, John
AU - Ding, Benjamin Tze Keong
AU - Leow, Melvin K-S
AU - Magkos, Faidon
N1 - CURIS 2019 NEXS 307
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Purpose: A single bout of aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity the next day. The effects of exercise on insulin secretion, the role of exercise-induced energy deficit, and possible dose-response relationships are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion after progressively greater negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet.Methods: Acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of weight maintenance needs) were induced by a single day of aerobic exercise (cycling at moderate intensity, n=13) or dietary restriction (n=19) in healthy men and women (age: 26±2 yrs; body mass index: 21.8±0.5 kg/m-2). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests in conjunction with minimal modelling were performed the next morning and blood samples were collected for 3 hours to measure glucose and insulin concentrations.Results: Insulin sensitivity increased linearly after exercise-induced energy deficits (P=0.007) but did not change after equivalent diet-induced energy deficits (P=0.673). Acute insulin response decreased after both exercise (P<0.001) and dietary restriction (P=0.005). The disposition index and glucose effectiveness were not affected by exercise (P=0.138 and 0.808, respectively), but both decreased after 40% dietary restriction (P=0.048 and 0.002, respectively).Conclusions: These results indicate that insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are related to exercise energy expenditure, albeit in a different fashion (insulin sensitivity increases linearly, whereas insulin secretion drops to a nadir with a low exercise dose and does not decrease further). These changes cannot be replicated by equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction, suggesting that exercise and diet have different effects on the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03264001.
AB - Purpose: A single bout of aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity the next day. The effects of exercise on insulin secretion, the role of exercise-induced energy deficit, and possible dose-response relationships are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion after progressively greater negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet.Methods: Acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of weight maintenance needs) were induced by a single day of aerobic exercise (cycling at moderate intensity, n=13) or dietary restriction (n=19) in healthy men and women (age: 26±2 yrs; body mass index: 21.8±0.5 kg/m-2). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests in conjunction with minimal modelling were performed the next morning and blood samples were collected for 3 hours to measure glucose and insulin concentrations.Results: Insulin sensitivity increased linearly after exercise-induced energy deficits (P=0.007) but did not change after equivalent diet-induced energy deficits (P=0.673). Acute insulin response decreased after both exercise (P<0.001) and dietary restriction (P=0.005). The disposition index and glucose effectiveness were not affected by exercise (P=0.138 and 0.808, respectively), but both decreased after 40% dietary restriction (P=0.048 and 0.002, respectively).Conclusions: These results indicate that insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are related to exercise energy expenditure, albeit in a different fashion (insulin sensitivity increases linearly, whereas insulin secretion drops to a nadir with a low exercise dose and does not decrease further). These changes cannot be replicated by equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction, suggesting that exercise and diet have different effects on the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03264001.
KW - Faculty of Science
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - β-cell function
KW - Energy expenditure
KW - Negative energy balance
U2 - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002020
DO - 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002020
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31033904
VL - 51
SP - 2109
EP - 2116
JO - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
JF - Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
SN - 0195-9131
IS - 10
ER -
ID: 217514856