The exercise timing hypothesis: Can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right?
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The exercise timing hypothesis: Can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right? / Gliemann, Lasse; Hellsten, Ylva.
I: Journal of Physiology, Bind 597, Nr. 19, 2019, s. 4915-4925.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Review › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The exercise timing hypothesis: Can exercise training compensate for the reduction in blood vessel function after menopause if timed right?
AU - Gliemann, Lasse
AU - Hellsten, Ylva
N1 - This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - As women enter menopause at mid-life, estrogen production ceases and its many beneficial effects on cardiovascular health are lost whereby the age-related risk of cardiovascular disease is accelerated. Estrogen acts via estrogen receptors and can activate the estrogen response element leading to upregulation of a number of proteins of importance for vascular health, including the vasodilator and anti-atherogenic enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenic factors. Hormone replacement therapy can to some extent counteract the loss of estrogen although studies have shown that such treatment may only be effective if initiated soon after menopause, the so-called timing hypothesis. An attractive alternative to hormone therapy is regular physical activity, as it is known that exercise induces many of the same cardiovascular health protective effects as estrogen. Nevertheless, results from studies on the effect of physical activity on vascular function and cardiovascular health are inconsistent, with some studies showing a lack of effect of a physical activity program and others showing a beneficial effect. The reason for this divergence is unclear but here we explore whether there may be a timing aspect also for exercise training, the exercise timing hypothesis, where initiation of exercise interventions soon after menopause may be more effective than initiation many years after. The possibility that estrogen related receptor-α and oxidative stress may play a role for such a timing effect is discussed.
AB - As women enter menopause at mid-life, estrogen production ceases and its many beneficial effects on cardiovascular health are lost whereby the age-related risk of cardiovascular disease is accelerated. Estrogen acts via estrogen receptors and can activate the estrogen response element leading to upregulation of a number of proteins of importance for vascular health, including the vasodilator and anti-atherogenic enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase and angiogenic factors. Hormone replacement therapy can to some extent counteract the loss of estrogen although studies have shown that such treatment may only be effective if initiated soon after menopause, the so-called timing hypothesis. An attractive alternative to hormone therapy is regular physical activity, as it is known that exercise induces many of the same cardiovascular health protective effects as estrogen. Nevertheless, results from studies on the effect of physical activity on vascular function and cardiovascular health are inconsistent, with some studies showing a lack of effect of a physical activity program and others showing a beneficial effect. The reason for this divergence is unclear but here we explore whether there may be a timing aspect also for exercise training, the exercise timing hypothesis, where initiation of exercise interventions soon after menopause may be more effective than initiation many years after. The possibility that estrogen related receptor-α and oxidative stress may play a role for such a timing effect is discussed.
KW - Faculty of Science
KW - Menopause
KW - Exercise
KW - Vascular function
U2 - 10.1113/JP277056
DO - 10.1113/JP277056
M3 - Review
C2 - 31077368
VL - 597
SP - 4915
EP - 4925
JO - The Journal of Physiology
JF - The Journal of Physiology
SN - 0022-3751
IS - 19
ER -
ID: 217937161